A Dynamic Risk Framework for the Physical Security of Nuclear Power Plants

This paper describes ongoing work within the Light Water Reactor Sustainability pathway at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to optimize security and cost of nuclear power plants. It introduces dynamic risk assessment tool developed INL, Event Modeling Risk Assessment using Linked Diagrams (EMRALD). EMRALD is leveraged posture a plant by integrating force-on-force (FOF) simulations operator mitigation actions, including flexible coping strategies (FLEX). To illustrate methodology, four attack scenarios are modeled in commercially available FOF simulation hypothetical facility. The results provide valuable insights into possible outcomes, as well probabilistic core damage event given these outcomes. Safety procedures dependent on outcomes considering human uncertainties. demonstrate that number armed responders can be optimized, while still maintaining same protection level initial posture. proposed modeling framework FLEX equipment with models enables plants credit portable posture, resulting an efficient optimized physical system.